peach leaf(peachleaf valley

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巧记48个音标简表：

熟悉后反复复习巩固的可用表格：

二. 音节与音节划分知识

1. 音节

以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [ŋ ] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元音字母就有几个音节。

2. 音节的划分

① 在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时，一个辅音字母组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。

例如：let-ter，mem-ber，chil-dren，daugh-ter

② 在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时，如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果重读音节里的元音是短音，则辅音字母属于重读音节。

例如：长音 pa-per，stu-dent，fa-ther，ze-ro，mo-tor，far-ther

短音 sev-en，stud-y，moth-er，ver-y，mod-le ，weath-er

3. 重读音节

单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4. 开音节

① 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。

例如：no，blue，ba-by，stu-dent，se-cret

② 相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。

例如：name，these，bike，home，excuse

5. 闭音节

单个元音字母后面有辅音字母（r、w、y 除外）且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。

例如：bag，egg，fish，not，cup

6. 双音节词重读规则

① 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

例如： stu-dent，Chi-na，sec-ond，au-tumn

② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。

例如：a-bout，be-fore，ex-cuse，re-pair，for-get-ful，in-ven-tor

7. 多音节词重读规则

多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如： el-e-phant

词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。

例如：scien-tific，im-pression，na-tion

三. 英语单词拼读规则

1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

6、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

8、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

9、辅字组的读音

四. 英语拼读发音练习

来学读音吧！

一．与元音字母 A 相关的单词：

1．[ei] a在开音节中：发字母音，后面有不发音的e

face脸； grade年级；cake蛋糕； lake湖; make制造；take拿到；

snake蛇； name名字; same相同；plane飞机；grapes葡萄；date日期;

Kate 凯特； plate盘子; mane鬃毛；

2．[æ] a在闭音节中：

black黑色的； dad爸爸； sad悲伤的； bag书包； am是；

Sam萨姆 lamp灯； an一（个—）；can能； fan电风扇；man男人；and和； hand手； thank感谢； map地图； has有; cat猫；

fat肥胖的；that那个；hat帽子；rabbit兔子 family家庭 camel骆驼

3．[a:] ar组合：

car小汽车；far远的；star星星；card卡片；scarf围巾；marker水彩笔 market市场 department store百货商店 apartment building公寓；

hard努力地，硬的；park公园；arm胳臂；farm农场；

4．[ei] ai组合；

tail尾巴； rainy下雨的； train火车；

wait等；waiter男服务员； waitress女服务员

5．[ɛə] air组合：

air空气；hair头发；chair椅子 stairs楼梯

6．[ei] ay组合：

day天，日；today今天；play玩；may可以；May五月；say说；

way道路，方法； stay逗留

7. [i] ay组合：

Sunday 星期日 Monday星期一 Tuesday星期二 Wednesday星期三

Thursday星期四 Friday星期五 Saturday星期六

8．[ɔ:] al组合：

talk说话；walk走；chal笔；

9. [ɔ:l] all组合：

all所有的 ball球；small小的；tall高的；wall墙; mall大厅；

call称呼，打电话； fall秋天，跌落

10．[ a:s ]as或ass组合

ask问；class班级；glass玻璃杯；pass传递；grass草；last最后的；

11. [ɔ] a

wash 洗 what什么 watch看，手表 want 想要

12. [ɔ:] aw组合

paws爪子 draw画

二．与元音字母 E 相关的单词：

1．[i:] e在开音节中：发字母音

be是；he他；she她；me我；we我们； these这些；Chinese汉语；

2．[e] e在闭音节中：

bed 床； red红色的； leg腿； spell拼写； hen母鸡； then那么；

when什么时候； pen钢笔； ten十； dress女裙； let让；

3．[iə] ere组合；

here这儿

4. [ɛə] ere组合

there 那儿；where哪儿

4．[i:] ea组合；

sea 海洋；tea茶；peach桃子；teacher教师；read读； please请； eat吃；meat肉；seat座位; beak鸟嘴 dream做梦 leaves树叶

5．[e] ea组合；

head头；bread面包；feather羽毛； weather天气；

6．[iə] ear组合：

ear耳朵； dear亲爱的； hear听见; near在……附近

7．[ɛə] ear组合：

bear熊；pear梨

8．[ə:] ear组合：

early早； year年；learn学，学会

9．[i:] ee组合：

bee 蜜蜂； three三； tree树； see看见； need需要; week周，星期；feel感觉； green绿色；thirteen十三； sheep绵羊； sleep睡觉；

feet脚（复数）；meet遇见； feed喂养

三．与元音字母 I 相关的单词：

1．[ai] i在开音节中：发字母音

hi 喂； I我； ice冰；nice好的；rice米饭；ride骑；beside在—旁边；

bike自行车； like喜欢；time时间；fine（身体）好； nine九；

white白色的； write写； kite风筝； five五；drive驾驶

inside在……里面 outside在……外面

2．[i] i在闭音节中：

which 哪一个；chick小鸡；sick病的； big大的；pig猪；milk牛奶；

him他； swim游泳； in在—里面； begin开始； sing唱歌；

pin红色；drink喝；ship轮船； is是； his他的；this这个；

fish鱼； Miss女士； it它； sit坐；six六

3．[ə:] ir组合：

bird鸟； shirt（男）衬衫； skirt短裙 sir先生

girl 女孩 circle圆圈 thirty三十 thirteen十三 thirsty渴的

四．与元音字母 O 相关的单词：

1．[əu ] o在开音节中：发字母音

go去；no不；so这样，这么；phone电话机；those那些；close关闭；nose鼻子； rose玫瑰花 home家 rope绳子 hole洞

2．[ɔ] o在闭音节中；

clock钟； dog狗； on在—上面； long长的； song歌曲；

shop商店； stop停止； hot热的； not不； donkey驴 hop双脚跳

orange橘子 ostrich鸵鸟 rock岩石

3. [Λ] o

mother妈妈 brother哥哥，弟弟 come来 some一些 other其他的

stomach胃，肚子 Monday星期一 monkey猴子

4．[ɔ:] or组合：

or 或者；for为了；short短的，矮的；forty四十； horse马； store商店

5．[əu ] oa组合；

road 路； boat小船； coat上衣； goat山羊； soap香皂

6．[u: ] oo组合；

too也；zoo动物园；cool凉的；school学校；room房间；moon月亮；afternoon下午； spoon汤勺； kangaroo袋鼠

7．[ u ] oo组合：

good好的；foot脚；classroom教师；look看；book书；cookies饼干

8、[au] ou组合：

cloudy多云的； house房子； mouse老鼠；about大约；

mouth嘴； blouse女式衬衫 mountain大山

10、[au ] ow组合：

cow母牛； how怎样，多少； now现在； brown棕色的；

down向下 flower花

11. [əu ] ow组合：

slow慢的； know知道；

五．与元音字母 U 相关的单词：

1．[ ju: ] u在开音节中发字母音

excuse 原谅；use使用；

2．[Λ] u在闭音节中：

much 很； jump跳； run跑； sun太阳； up向上； cup小茶杯；

but但是 bus公交车； umbrella雨伞; hundred百； cut剪，切；

mum妈妈；under在……下面； underline在……下面划线；

number数字； understand理解 truck卡车

trunk象鼻 hug拥抱 duck鸭子

3．[ə: ] ur组合：

nurse护士； turn轮流; hurt伤，疼； fur皮毛

六． Y 与 I 的发音相似

在开音节中读[ai ]

sky天空； fly飞； July七月； my我的； try试，努力；

why为什么； eye眼睛； bye再见

英语自然拼读学习的六阶成功法

第一阶：建立字母与字母自然发音之间的直接联系。

第二阶：能够成功拼读元音+辅音（辅音+元音）。如：c-a ca a-t at

第三阶：能够成功拼读辅音+元音+辅音。如d-o-g dog

第四阶：能够成功拼读双音节或多音节单词。如sw-ea-t-er sweater

第五阶：能够听音辨字，即听到单词读音就能拼出该单词。

第六阶：单词量大量扩充，能够阅读英语文章。

1. 自然拼读法的第一步是掌握二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音。

2. 第二步是进行单元音字母的拼读练习，如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等．

3. 第三步, 是固定读音的单词 : the, a, is, to, have 等.

4. 第四步，是一个单词里有两个元音时，前边一个元音发字母音，后边一个元音不发音，如： make, made, sea, five, nine, road等等．

5. 第五步, 是双/三辅音在一起时怎么联读, 如: bl(ack), str(eet)等；有一些辅音不发音，如： ghost,comb, lamb等；要掌握一下和\”h\”联在一起的发音： ch, sh, th, wh。

6. 第六步，是特殊读法：

单音节词，以元音结尾，这个元音发字母音．如： me, hi, go 等等

Irregular: ar (car), ay(hay, may, say), igh (high, night, might), ew (new), er (sister, brother), ur(burn, hurt), ir (girl, fir, firm), or (horn), eigh (eight), oi (oil, boil), oy(boy), ow等有其特别的发音．\”c\” 和 \”k\” 在一起时，发一个音: quick, black等.

自然拼音拼读练习表

第一天：

a , e, i , o, u, a_e, e_e, i_e, o_e, u_e

Aa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat apple

Ee: egg well red pen net hen bed bell

Ii: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hill

Oo: ox on octopus box sock operate ostrich

Uu: sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle under

cape name tape lake game make take hate

these Japanese Chinese

bite five nine kite mine nice ride side

rose nose rope note pose home rode those

tube cube June cute huge

第二天:

ai, ay, ee, ea, ey, ie, igh, oa, ow, ui, ue

ai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maid

ay: bay ray way say hay pay May lay

ee: reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teeth

ea: sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf pea

ey: donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolley

ie: tie pie lie die

igh: right sight night tight hight fight high sigh

oa: road toast toad coal goat boat coat soap

ow: rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row hollow low

ui: suit juice fruit

ue: Sue blue glue true

第三天:

ar, er, ir, ur, or

ar: arm car armchair card cart farm park garden

er: sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker mother

ir: birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girl

ur: turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurse

or: porch pork horse horn fort morning corn fork

第四天:

ou, ow, oi, oy, au, aw, oo, oo, ea

ou: house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouse

ow: cow towel clown owl crown brown flower tower

oi: coin oil point noise boil soil poison coil

oy: oyster boy cowboy soy toy

au: august sause sausage naughty autumn applause

aw: paw draw saw straw strawberry lawn

oo: moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foolish

oo: book cook good foot look hook

ea: head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather

第五天:

ch, sh, wh, ph, th, th, kn, wr, mb

ch: beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherry

sh: sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovel

wh: whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheel chair whisper

ph: photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabet

th: brother feather leather father mother

th: thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bath mouth teeth

kn: knob knee knife knock knit

wr: wrist wrinkle wrap wreath write

mb: thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb

第六天:

bl, fl, pl, cl, gl, br, cr, gr, pr, fr, tr, dr

bl: blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde hair

fl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flower

pl: plane play plus planet platform plum plate plant

cl: clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clown

gl: glove globe glass glue glasses glider

br: bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brother

cr: crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry croissant

gr: gray green grass grapes ground grow grandma

pr: prixe price prawn press prince princess pray

fr: frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frame

tr: tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolley

dr: dream drum dry drop draw drive dress drink

第七天:

sm, sn, sl, sw, sp, st , sc, sk, all, ew, y

sm: smile small smell smoke smooth

sn: snowman snow snore snake snail sneakers sneakers snack

sl: slow slap sleep slide slope sled

sw: switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweat

sp: spider spaceship spinach spoon spell

st: stockings store star stamp storm stick student stand

sc: scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoop

sk: skunk skis skirt skates

all: call tall fall ball wall

ew: dew few view hew new nephew newspaper

y: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my

Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy baby

自然拼音强化练习：

Tongue twister

1.A big black bear sat on a big black bug.

2.A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!

3.Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.

4.A fat cat catches a mad rat.

5.Blue glue gun, green glue gun.

6.Black background, brown background.

7.A noisy noise annoys an oyster.

8.A good cook can cook good cookies.

9.At noon I took a good book，and sat by the pool in the wood.I soon took off my boot.And put my foot in the pool.Oh! How cool, how cool.

10.The hunter and his huge horse hide behind in house.

11. Betty better butter Brad\’s bread.

12.Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.

13.The first is the first.The third is the third.The third can be the first, The first can be the third.

14.Sir, this girl wearing a dirty skirt is not the first, but the third.

15.A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, \”Let us fly!\” Said the fly, \”Let us flee!\” So they flew through a flaw in the flue.

16. I wish you were a fish in my dish.

17.Jean\’s three sheep are near the green jeep.

18.There are thirty -three thousand three hundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird\’s throat.

19.Neither father nor mother likes this weather.

20.It’s a goat,sitting in a boat,wearing a coat and writing a note.It’s a bear,sitting on a chair,holding a pear and combing its hair.It’s a cock,sitting on a rock,wearing a sock and looking at a clock.It’s a fly,wearing a tie,holding a pie and waving good bye.

巧记48个音标简表：

熟悉后反复复习巩固的可用表格：

二. 音节与音节划分知识

1. 音节

2. 音节的划分

① 在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时，一个辅音字母组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。

例如：let-ter，mem-ber，chil-dren，daugh-ter

例如：长音 pa-per，stu-dent，fa-ther，ze-ro，mo-tor，far-ther

短音 sev-en，stud-y，moth-er，ver-y，mod-le ，weath-er

3. 重读音节

单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4. 开音节

① 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。

例如：no，blue，ba-by，stu-dent，se-cret

② 相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。

例如：name，these，bike，home，excuse

5. 闭音节

单个元音字母后面有辅音字母（r、w、y 除外）且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。

例如：bag，egg，fish，not，cup

6. 双音节词重读规则

① 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

例如： stu-dent，Chi-na，sec-ond，au-tumn

② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。

例如：a-bout，be-fore，ex-cuse，re-pair，for-get-ful，in-ven-tor

7. 多音节词重读规则

多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如： el-e-phant

词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。

例如：scien-tific，im-pression，na-tion

三. 英语单词拼读规则

1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

6、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

8、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

9、辅字组的读音

四. 英语拼读发音练习

来学读音吧！

一．与元音字母 A 相关的单词：

1．[ei] a在开音节中：发字母音，后面有不发音的e

face脸； grade年级；cake蛋糕； lake湖; make制造；take拿到；

snake蛇； name名字; same相同；plane飞机；grapes葡萄；date日期;

Kate 凯特； plate盘子; mane鬃毛；

2．[æ] a在闭音节中：

black黑色的； dad爸爸； sad悲伤的； bag书包； am是；

Sam萨姆 lamp灯； an一（个—）；can能； fan电风扇；man男人；and和； hand手； thank感谢； map地图； has有; cat猫；

fat肥胖的；that那个；hat帽子；rabbit兔子 family家庭 camel骆驼

3．[a:] ar组合：

car小汽车；far远的；star星星；card卡片；scarf围巾；marker水彩笔 market市场 department store百货商店 apartment building公寓；

hard努力地，硬的；park公园；arm胳臂；farm农场；

4．[ei] ai组合；

tail尾巴； rainy下雨的； train火车；

wait等；waiter男服务员； waitress女服务员

5．[ɛə] air组合：

air空气；hair头发；chair椅子 stairs楼梯

6．[ei] ay组合：

day天，日；today今天；play玩；may可以；May五月；say说；

way道路，方法； stay逗留

7. [i] ay组合：

Sunday 星期日 Monday星期一 Tuesday星期二 Wednesday星期三

Thursday星期四 Friday星期五 Saturday星期六

8．[ɔ:] al组合：

talk说话；walk走；chal笔；

9. [ɔ:l] all组合：

all所有的 ball球；small小的；tall高的；wall墙; mall大厅；

call称呼，打电话； fall秋天，跌落

10．[ a:s ]as或ass组合

ask问；class班级；glass玻璃杯；pass传递；grass草；last最后的；

11. [ɔ] a

wash 洗 what什么 watch看，手表 want 想要

12. [ɔ:] aw组合

paws爪子 draw画

二．与元音字母 E 相关的单词：

1．[i:] e在开音节中：发字母音

be是；he他；she她；me我；we我们； these这些；Chinese汉语；

2．[e] e在闭音节中：

bed 床； red红色的； leg腿； spell拼写； hen母鸡； then那么；

when什么时候； pen钢笔； ten十； dress女裙； let让；

3．[iə] ere组合；

here这儿

4. [ɛə] ere组合

there 那儿；where哪儿

4．[i:] ea组合；

sea 海洋；tea茶；peach桃子；teacher教师；read读； please请； eat吃；meat肉；seat座位; beak鸟嘴 dream做梦 leaves树叶

5．[e] ea组合；

head头；bread面包；feather羽毛； weather天气；

6．[iə] ear组合：

ear耳朵； dear亲爱的； hear听见; near在……附近

7．[ɛə] ear组合：

bear熊；pear梨

8．[ə:] ear组合：

early早； year年；learn学，学会

9．[i:] ee组合：

bee 蜜蜂； three三； tree树； see看见； need需要; week周，星期；feel感觉； green绿色；thirteen十三； sheep绵羊； sleep睡觉；

feet脚（复数）；meet遇见； feed喂养

三．与元音字母 I 相关的单词：

1．[ai] i在开音节中：发字母音

hi 喂； I我； ice冰；nice好的；rice米饭；ride骑；beside在—旁边；

bike自行车； like喜欢；time时间；fine（身体）好； nine九；

white白色的； write写； kite风筝； five五；drive驾驶

inside在……里面 outside在……外面

2．[i] i在闭音节中：

which 哪一个；chick小鸡；sick病的； big大的；pig猪；milk牛奶；

him他； swim游泳； in在—里面； begin开始； sing唱歌；

pin红色；drink喝；ship轮船； is是； his他的；this这个；

fish鱼； Miss女士； it它； sit坐；six六

3．[ə:] ir组合：

bird鸟； shirt（男）衬衫； skirt短裙 sir先生

girl 女孩 circle圆圈 thirty三十 thirteen十三 thirsty渴的

四．与元音字母 O 相关的单词：

1．[əu ] o在开音节中：发字母音

go去；no不；so这样，这么；phone电话机；those那些；close关闭；nose鼻子； rose玫瑰花 home家 rope绳子 hole洞

2．[ɔ] o在闭音节中；

clock钟； dog狗； on在—上面； long长的； song歌曲；

shop商店； stop停止； hot热的； not不； donkey驴 hop双脚跳

orange橘子 ostrich鸵鸟 rock岩石

3. [Λ] o

mother妈妈 brother哥哥，弟弟 come来 some一些 other其他的

stomach胃，肚子 Monday星期一 monkey猴子

4．[ɔ:] or组合：

or 或者；for为了；short短的，矮的；forty四十； horse马； store商店

5．[əu ] oa组合；

road 路； boat小船； coat上衣； goat山羊； soap香皂

6．[u: ] oo组合；

too也；zoo动物园；cool凉的；school学校；room房间；moon月亮；afternoon下午； spoon汤勺； kangaroo袋鼠

7．[ u ] oo组合：

good好的；foot脚；classroom教师；look看；book书；cookies饼干

8、[au] ou组合：

cloudy多云的； house房子； mouse老鼠；about大约；

mouth嘴； blouse女式衬衫 mountain大山

10、[au ] ow组合：

cow母牛； how怎样，多少； now现在； brown棕色的；

down向下 flower花

11. [əu ] ow组合：

slow慢的； know知道；

五．与元音字母 U 相关的单词：

1．[ ju: ] u在开音节中发字母音

excuse 原谅；use使用；

2．[Λ] u在闭音节中：

much 很； jump跳； run跑； sun太阳； up向上； cup小茶杯；

but但是 bus公交车； umbrella雨伞; hundred百； cut剪，切；

mum妈妈；under在……下面； underline在……下面划线；

number数字； understand理解 truck卡车

trunk象鼻 hug拥抱 duck鸭子

3．[ə: ] ur组合：

nurse护士； turn轮流; hurt伤，疼； fur皮毛

六． Y 与 I 的发音相似

在开音节中读[ai ]

sky天空； fly飞； July七月； my我的； try试，努力；

why为什么； eye眼睛； bye再见

英语自然拼读学习的六阶成功法

第一阶：建立字母与字母自然发音之间的直接联系。

第二阶：能够成功拼读元音+辅音（辅音+元音）。如：c-a ca a-t at

第三阶：能够成功拼读辅音+元音+辅音。如d-o-g dog

第四阶：能够成功拼读双音节或多音节单词。如sw-ea-t-er sweater

第五阶：能够听音辨字，即听到单词读音就能拼出该单词。

第六阶：单词量大量扩充，能够阅读英语文章。

1. 自然拼读法的第一步是掌握二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音。

2. 第二步是进行单元音字母的拼读练习，如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等．

3. 第三步, 是固定读音的单词 : the, a, is, to, have 等.

4. 第四步，是一个单词里有两个元音时，前边一个元音发字母音，后边一个元音不发音，如： make, made, sea, five, nine, road等等．

6. 第六步，是特殊读法：

单音节词，以元音结尾，这个元音发字母音．如： me, hi, go 等等

自然拼音拼读练习表

第一天：

a , e, i , o, u, a_e, e_e, i_e, o_e, u_e

Aa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat apple

Ee: egg well red pen net hen bed bell

Ii: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hill

Oo: ox on octopus box sock operate ostrich

Uu: sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle under

cape name tape lake game make take hate

these Japanese Chinese

bite five nine kite mine nice ride side

rose nose rope note pose home rode those

tube cube June cute huge

第二天:

ai, ay, ee, ea, ey, ie, igh, oa, ow, ui, ue

ai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maid

ay: bay ray way say hay pay May lay

ee: reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teeth

ea: sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf pea

ey: donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolley

ie: tie pie lie die

igh: right sight night tight hight fight high sigh

oa: road toast toad coal goat boat coat soap

ow: rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row hollow low

ui: suit juice fruit

ue: Sue blue glue true

第三天:

ar, er, ir, ur, or

ar: arm car armchair card cart farm park garden

er: sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker mother

ir: birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girl

ur: turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurse

or: porch pork horse horn fort morning corn fork

第四天:

ou, ow, oi, oy, au, aw, oo, oo, ea

ou: house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouse

ow: cow towel clown owl crown brown flower tower

oi: coin oil point noise boil soil poison coil

oy: oyster boy cowboy soy toy

au: august sause sausage naughty autumn applause

aw: paw draw saw straw strawberry lawn

oo: moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foolish

oo: book cook good foot look hook

ea: head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather

第五天:

ch, sh, wh, ph, th, th, kn, wr, mb

ch: beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherry

sh: sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovel

wh: whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheel chair whisper

ph: photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabet

th: brother feather leather father mother

th: thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bath mouth teeth

kn: knob knee knife knock knit

wr: wrist wrinkle wrap wreath write

mb: thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb

第六天:

bl, fl, pl, cl, gl, br, cr, gr, pr, fr, tr, dr

bl: blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde hair

fl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flower

pl: plane play plus planet platform plum plate plant

cl: clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clown

gl: glove globe glass glue glasses glider

br: bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brother

cr: crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry croissant

gr: gray green grass grapes ground grow grandma

pr: prixe price prawn press prince princess pray

fr: frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frame

tr: tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolley

dr: dream drum dry drop draw drive dress drink

第七天:

sm, sn, sl, sw, sp, st , sc, sk, all, ew, y

sm: smile small smell smoke smooth

sn: snowman snow snore snake snail sneakers sneakers snack

sl: slow slap sleep slide slope sled

sw: switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweat

sp: spider spaceship spinach spoon spell

st: stockings store star stamp storm stick student stand

sc: scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoop

sk: skunk skis skirt skates

all: call tall fall ball wall

ew: dew few view hew new nephew newspaper

y: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my

Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy baby

自然拼音强化练习：

Tongue twister

1.A big black bear sat on a big black bug.

2.A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!

3.Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.

4.A fat cat catches a mad rat.

5.Blue glue gun, green glue gun.

6.Black background, brown background.

7.A noisy noise annoys an oyster.

8.A good cook can cook good cookies.

9.At noon I took a good book，and sat by the pool in the wood.I soon took off my boot.And put my foot in the pool.Oh! How cool, how cool.

10.The hunter and his huge horse hide behind in house.

11. Betty better butter Brad\’s bread.

12.Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.

13.The first is the first.The third is the third.The third can be the first, The first can be the third.

14.Sir, this girl wearing a dirty skirt is not the first, but the third.

15.A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, \”Let us fly!\” Said the fly, \”Let us flee!\” So they flew through a flaw in the flue.

16. I wish you were a fish in my dish.

17.Jean\’s three sheep are near the green jeep.

18.There are thirty -three thousand three hundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird\’s throat.

19.Neither father nor mother likes this weather.

402种食用天然香料

International Organisations of the Flavour Industry 香精法规组织

UN FAO 联合国粮农组织/WHO 世界卫生组织= CAC 食品法规委员会

CCFA (Codex Committee on Food Additives) 食品添加剂委员会

IOFI (International Organization of the Flavour Industry) 食品香料工业国际组织 COE (Council of Europe) CoE或CE 欧洲理事会与食品香料专家委员会

US FDA：Food and Drug Administration 美国食品和药物管理局

FEMA：Flavor and Extract Manufactures Association of the United States

美国食品香料与萃取物制造者协会

例如： FEMA :2325 丁香叶油Clove leaf oil (Eugenia spp.)

GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) 通常认定为安全/一般认为安全

FCC：Food Chemicals Codex 食品化学品法典

FDA：Food and Drug Administration 美国食品和药物管理局

国内：食品香精的立法和管理隶属国家食品药品监督管理局

食品安全国家标准

食品添加剂使用标准GB2760-GB36011

例如：N001 丁香叶油Clove leaf oil (Eugenia spp.)

*(国际大公司)在调配xx香精只使用FEMA/GRAS 原料

丁香叶油Clove leaf oil (Eugenia spp.)N001 FEMA :2325

丁香花蕾酊(提取物)Clove bud tincture (extract) (Eugenia spp.)N002FEMA :2322

丁香花蕾油Clove bud oil (Eugenia spp.)N003FEMA :2323

罗勒油Basil oil (Ocimum basilicum L.)N004FEMA :2119

八角茴香油Anise star oil (Illicium verum Hook,F.)N005 FEMA :2096

九里香浸膏Common Jasmin orange concrete (Murraya paniculata)N006FEMA :—

广藿香油Patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin)N007FEMA :2838

万寿菊油Tagetes oil (Tagetes spp.)N008FEMA :3040

大茴香脑trans-Anethole Anise camphorN009FEMA :2086

小豆蔻油Cardamom oil (Elletaria cardamomum)N010FEMA :2241

小豆蔻酊Cardamom tincture(Elletaria cardamomum)N011 FEMA :2240

小茴香酊Fennel tincture (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)N012 FEMA :—

山苍籽油Litsea cubeba berry oilN013 FEMA :3846

山楂酊Hawthorn fruit tincture (Crataegus spp.)N014 FEMA :—

大蒜油Garlic oil (Allium sativum L.)N015 FEMA :2503

大蒜油树脂Garlic oleoresin (Allium sativum L.)N016FEMA :—

天然康酿克油Cognac oil, greenN017FEMA :2331

天然薄荷脑l-Menthol, naturalN018FEMA :2665

云木香油Costus root oil (Saussures lappa Clanke)N019FEMA :2336

月桂叶油Bay, sweet, oil (Laurus nobilis L.)N020FEMA :2125

乌梅酊Wumei tincture (Prunus mume)N021FEMA :—

布枯叶油Buchu leaves oil (Barosma spp.)N022FEMA :2169

可可酊Cocoa tincture (Theobroma cacao Linn.)N023FEMA :—

可可壳酊Cocoa husk tincture (Theobroma cacao Linn.)N024FEMA :—

甘松油China nardostachys oil (Nardostachys chinensis Batal.)N025 FEMA : —

甘草酊Licorice tincture (Glycyrrhiza spp.)N026 FEMA :2628

甘草流浸膏Licorice extract (Glycyrrhiza spp.)N027 FEMA :2628

冬青油Wintergreen oil (Gaultheria procumbens L.)N028FEMA :3113

白兰花油Michelia alba flower oilN029FEMA :3950

白兰叶油Michelia alba leaf oilN030FEMA :3950

白兰花净油Michelia alba flower absoluteN031FEMA :3950

白兰花浸膏Michelia alba flower concreteN032 FEMA :3950

白芷酊Angelica dahurica tinctureN033 FEMA :—

白柠檬油Lime oil [Citrus aurantifolia (Christman) Swingle]N034FEMA :2631

白柠檬萜烯Lime oil terpeneN035FEMA :—

生姜油树脂Ginger oleoresin (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)N036FEMA :2523

肉豆蔻油Nutmeg oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)N037FEMA :2793

肉豆蔻酊Nutmeg tincture (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)N038FEMA :—

中国肉桂油Cassia oil (Cinnamomum cassia Blume)N039FEMA :2258

中国肉桂皮酊(提取物)Cassia bark tincture (extract) (Cinnamomum cassia Blume)N040FEMA :2257

红茶酊Black tea tincture (Camellia sinensis)N041FEMA :—

印蒿油Davana oil (Artemisia pallens Wall.)N042FEMA :2359

吐鲁酊(提取物)Tolu balsam tincture (extract) (Myroxylon spp.)N043FEMA :3069

吐鲁香膏Tolu balsam gum (Myroxylon spp.)N044FEMA :3070

豆豉酊Soya bean fermented tinctureN045FEMA :—

杜松籽油(又名刺柏子油)Juniper berry oil (Juniperus communis L.)N046FEMA :2604

芫荽籽油Coriander oil (Coriandrum sativum L.)N047FEMA :2334

芹菜花油Celery flower oil (Apium graveolens L.)N048FEMA :—

芹菜籽油Celery seed oil (Apium graveolens L.)N049FEMA :2271

牡荆叶油Vitex cannabifolia leaf oilN050FEMA :—

圆柚油Grapefruit oil, expressed (Citrus paradisi Mact.)N051FEMA :2530

苍术脂(又名苍术硬脂，苍术油)Atractylodes oil(Atractylodes lancea)N052FEMA :—

枣子酊Chinese date (common Jujube) tincture (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)N053FEMA :—

玫瑰油Rose oil (Rosa spp.)N054FEMA :2989

玫瑰净油Rose absolute (Rosa spp.)N055FEMA :2988

玫瑰浸膏Rose concrete (Rosa spp.)N056FEMA :—

鸢尾浸膏Orris concrete (Iris florentina L.)N057FEMA :2829

鸢尾脂(又名鸢尾凝脂)Orris root extract (Iris florentina L.)N058FEMA :2830

杭白菊花油Chrysanthemum Hang Zhou flower oil (Dendranthema morifolium or Chrysanthemum morifolium)N059FEMA :—

杭白菊花浸膏(又名杭菊花流浸膏)Chrysanthemum Hang Zhou flower extract (Dendranthema morifolium or Chrysanthemum morifolium)N060FEMA :4689

枫槭油Maple oil (Acer spp.)N061FEMA :—

枫槭浸膏Maple concrete (Acer spp.)N062 FEMA :—

岩蔷薇浸膏(又名赖百当浸膏)Labdanum extract(Cistus ladaniferus)N063FEMA :2610

咖啡酊Coffee tincture (Coffee spp.)N064FEMA :—

罗汉果酊Luohanfruit tincture [Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C.Jeffrey]N065FEMA :—

金合欢浸膏Cassie concrete (Acacia farnesiana Willd.)N066FEMA :—

依兰依兰油Ylang ylang oil (Cananga odorata Hook.f.and Thomas)N067FEMA :3119

大花茉莉净油Jasminum grandiflorum absoluteN068FEMA :2598

大花茉莉浸膏Jasminum grandiflorum concreteN069FEMA :2599

小花茉莉净油Jasminum sambac absoluteN070 FEMA :—

小花茉莉浸膏Jasminum sambac concreteN071FEMA :—

佛手油Sarcodactylis oil (Citrus medica var.Sarcodactylis Swingle)N072FEMA :3899

圆叶当归根酊(又名独活酊)Angelica root tincture (extract) (Angelica archangelica L.)N073FEMA :2087

洋葱油Onion oil (Allium cepa L.)N074FEMA :2817

生姜油Ginger oil (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)N075FEMA :2522

姜黄油Turmeric oil (Curcuma longa L.)N076 FEMA :3085

姜黄油树脂Turmeric oleoresin (Curcuma longa L.)N077FEMA :3087

姜黄浸膏Turmeric extract (Curcuma longa L.)N078FEMA :3086

葫芦巴酊Fenugreek tincture (extract) (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)N079 FEMA :2485

玳玳花油Daidai flower oil(Citrus aurantium L.‘Daidai’)N080FEMA :2771

玳玳花浸膏Daidai flower concrete(Citrus aurantium L.‘Daidai’)N081FEMA :2771

玳玳果油Daidai fruit oil(Citrus aurantium L.‘Daidai’)N082FEMA :2771

柚皮油Pummelo peel oil [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck]N083FEMA :—

柏木叶油(北美香柏)Cedar leaf oil (Thuja occidentalis L.)N084FEMA :2267

枯茗籽油(又名孜然油)Cumin seed oil (Cuminum cyminum L.)N085FEMA :2343

柠檬油Lemon oil [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.]N086FEMA :2625

无萜柠檬油Lemon oil, terpeneless [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.]N087FEMA :2626

柠檬油萜烯Terpenes of lemon oilN088FEMA :—

柠檬叶油Petitgrain lemon oil [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.]N089FEMA :2853

柠檬草油Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus DC. and C. flexuosus)N090FEMA :2624

栀子花浸膏Gardenia flower concrete (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis)N091FEMA :—

树兰花油Aglaia odorata flower oilN092 FEMA :—

树兰花酊Aglaia odorata flower tinctureN093FEMA :—

树兰花浸膏Aglaia odorata flower concreteN094FEMA :—

树苔净油Treemoss absolute (Evernia furfuraceae)N095FEMA :—

树苔浸膏Treemoss concrete (Evernia furfuraceae)N096FEMA :—

香叶油(又名玫瑰香叶油)Geranium oil (geranium rose oil) (Pelargonium graveolens L\’Her)N097FEMA :2508

除萜香叶油Geranium oil terpenelessN098FEMA :2508

香风茶油(又名香茶菜油)Xiang Feng cha oil(Rabdosia spp.)N099FEMA :—

香柠檬油Bert oil (Citrus aurantium L.subsp. bergamia)N101FEMA :2153

香根油Vertiver oil (Vetiveria zizanioides Nash.)N102FEMA :—

香根浸膏Vertiver concrete (Vetiveria zizanioides Nash.)N103FEMA :—

香荚兰豆酊Vanilla bean tincture (Vanilla spp.)N104FEMA :3105

香荚兰豆浸膏(提取物)Vanilla bean concrete (extract) (Vanilla spp.)N105FEMA :3105

当使用于较大婴儿和幼儿配方食品中时，按照生产需要适量使用，以即食食品计，生产企业应按照冲调比例折算成配方食品中的使用量；但凡使用范围涵盖0至6个月婴幼儿配方食品不得添加任何食用香料。

香附子油Cyperus oil (Cupressus sempervirens)N106FEMA :—

香葱油Chives oil (Allium schoenoprasum)N107FEMA :—

香紫苏油Clary sage oil (Salvia sclarea L.)N108FEMA :2321

香榧子壳浸膏Torreya grandis shell concreteN109FEMA :—

橘子油Mandarin oil (Citrus reticulata Blanco)N110FEMA :2657

除萜橘子油Mandarin oil, terpenelessN111FEMA :—

酒花酊Hops tincture (extract) (Humulus lupulus L.)N112FEMA :2578

酒花浸膏Hops extract,solid (Humulus lupulus L.)N113FEMA :2579

桉叶油(蓝桉油)Eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus Labille)N114FEMA :2466

海狸酊Castoreum tincture (extract) (Castor spp.)N115FEMA :2261

斯里兰卡肉桂皮油Cinnamon bark oil (Cinnamomum spp.)N116FEMA :2291

斯里兰卡肉桂叶油Cinnamon leaf oil (Cinnamomum spp.)N117FEMA :2292

桂花净油Osmanthus fragrans flower absoluteN118FEMA :3750

桂花酊Osmanthus fragrans flower tinctureN119FEMA :—

桂花浸膏Osmanthus fragrans flower concreteN120 FEMA :—

桂圆酊Longan tincture (Euphoria longana)N121FEMA : —

留兰香油Spearmint oil (Mentha spicata)N122FEMA :3032

核桃壳提取物Walnut hull extract (Juglans spp.)N123FEMA :3111

素方花净油Common white jasmine flower absolute (Jasminum officinale L.)N124FEMA :—

桦Birch sweet oil (Betula lenta L.)N125FEMA :2154

蚕豆花酊Broad bean flower tincture (Vicia faba Linn.)N126FEMA :—

绿茶酊Green tea tincture(Thea sinensis or Camellia sinensis)N127FEMA :—

野玫瑰浸膏Wild rose concrete (Rosa multiflora)N128FEMA :—

甜小茴香油Fennel oil, sweet (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce D.C.)N129FEMA :2483

甜叶菊油Stevia rebaudiana oilN130 FEMA :—

甜橙油Orange oil [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]N131FEMA :2821

除萜甜橙油Orange oil, terpeneless [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]N132FEMA :2822

甜橙油萜烯Terpenes of orange oilN133FEMA :—

菊苣浸膏Chicory concrete (extract) (Cichorium intybus L.)N134FEMA :2280

晚香玉浸膏Tuberose concrete (Polianthes tuberosa)N135FEMA :—

紫罗兰叶浸膏Violet leaf concrete (Viola odorata)N136FEMA :3110

椒样薄荷油Peppermint oil (Mentha piperita L.)N137FEMA :2848

黑加仑酊Black currant tincture (Ribes nigrum L.)N138FEMA :2346

黑加仑浸膏Black currant concrete (Ribes nigrum L.)N1392346

槐树花净油Sophora japonica flower absoluteN140FEMA :—

槐树花浸膏Sophora japonica flower concreteN141FEMA :—

辣椒酊Capsicum tincture (extract) (Capsicum spp.)N142FEMA :2233

辣椒油树脂(又名灯笼辣椒油树脂)Paprika oleoresin (Capsicum annuum L.)N143FEMA :2834

愈疮木油Guaiac wood oil (Bulnesia sarmienti Lor.)N144FEMA :2534

缬草油Valerian root oil (Valeriana officinalis L.)N145FEMA :3100

墨红花净油Rose crimsonglory flower absoluteN146FEMA :—

墨红花浸膏Rose crimsonglory flower concreteN147FEMA :—

橙叶油Petitgrain bigarade oil (Citrus aurantium L.)N149FEMA :2855

亚洲薄荷油Mentha arvensis oil (Cornmint oil)N150FEMA :4219

亚洲薄荷素油Mentha arvensis oil, partially dementholized N151FEMA :—

檀香油Sandalwood oil (Santalum album L.)N152FEMA :3005

薰衣草油Lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia)N153FEMA :2622

头状百里香油(又名西班牙牛至油)Origanum oil (Thymus capitatus)N154FEMA :2828

可乐果提取物Kolas nut extract (Cola acuminate Schott et EndL.)N155FEMA :2607

加州胡椒油Schinus molle oil (Schinus molle L.)N156FEMA :3018

卡黎皮油Cascarilla bark oil (Croton spp.)N157FEMA :2255

百里香油Thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris or zigis L.)N158FEMA :3064

奶油发酵起子蒸馏物(黄油蒸馏物)Butter starters distillateN159FEMA :2173

卡南伽油Cananga oil (Cananga odorata Hook. F. and Thoms)N160FEMA :2232

月桂叶提起物/油树脂Laurel leaves extract/oleoresin (Laurus nobilis L.)N161FEMA :2613

生姜提取物(生姜浸膏)Ginger extract (Ginger concrete.) ( Zingiber officinale)N162FEMA :2521

白栎木屑提取物Oak chips extract (Quercus alba L.)N163FEMA :2794

龙蒿油Estragon oil (Artemisia dracunculus L.)N164FEMA :2412

白樟油Camphor oil, white (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl)N165FEMA :2231

肉豆蔻衣油Mace oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)N166FEMA :2653

众香叶油Pimento leaf oil (Pimenta officinalis Lindl.)N167FEMA :2901

西班牙鼠尾草油Sage oil, Spanish (Salvia lavandulaefolia VahL.)N168FEMA :3003

红桔油Tangerine oil (Citrus reticulata Blanco)N169FEMA :3041

杂薰衣草油Lavandin oil (Lavandula hydrida)N170FEMA :2618

杏仁油Apricot Kernel oil (Prunus armeniaca L.)N171FEMA :2105

苏合香油Styrax oil (Liquidambar spp.)N172FEMA :—

苏合香提取物Styrax extract (Liquidambar spp.)N173FEMA :3037

长角豆油Locust bean oil (Ceratonia siliqua L.)N174FEMA :—

角豆提取物Carob bean extract (Ceratonia siliqua L.)N175FEMA :2243

皂树皮提取物Quillaia (Quillaja saponaria Molina)N176FEMA :2973

乳香油Olibanum oil (Boswellia spp.)N177FEMA :2816

没药油Myrrh oil (Commiphora spp.)N178FEMA :2766

良姜根提取物Galangal root extract (Alpinia spp.)N179FEMA :2499

苏格兰松油Pine oil, scotch (Pinus sylvestris L.)N180FEMA :2906

小茴香油(又名普通小茴香油)Fennel oil, (common) (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)N181FEMA :2481

苦杏仁油Almond oil, bitter (Prunus amygdalus)N182FEMA :2046

阿魏油Asafoetida oil (Ferula asafoetida L.)N183FEMA :2108

金合欢净油Cassie absolute[Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.]N184FEMA :2260

欧芹叶油Parsley leaf oil (Petroselinum crispum)N185FEMA :2836

松针油Pine needle oil (Abies spp.)N186FEMA :2905

波罗尼花净油Boronia absolute (Boronia megastigma Nees)N187FEMA :2167

玫瑰木油Bois de rose oil (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke)N188FEMA :2156

玫瑰草油Palmarosa oil [Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Stapf]N189FEMA :2831

香茅油Citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus Rendle)N190FEMA :2308

迷迭香油Rosemary oil (Rosemarinus officinalis L.)N191FEMA :2992

香脂冷杉油Balsam fir oil (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.)N1EMA :2114

香脂冷杉油树脂Balsam fir oleoresin[Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.]N193FEMA :2115

胡萝卜籽油Carrot seed oil (Daucus carota L.)N194FEMA :2244

春黄菊花油(罗马)Chamomile flower oil (Roman) (Anthemis nobilis L.)N195FEMA :2275

春黄菊花净油(提取物)(罗马)Chamomile flower absolute (extract) (Roman) (Anthemis nobilis L.)N196FEMA :2274

药鼠李提取物Cascara bitterless extract (Rhamnus purshiana DC.)N197FEMA :2253

荜澄茄油Cubeb oil (Piper cubeba L.f.)N198FEMA :2339

胡薄荷油(又名唇萼薄荷油)Pennyroyal oil (Mentha pulegium L.)N199FEMA :2839

欧当归油Lovage oil (Levisticum officinale Koch.)N200FEMA :2651

夏至草提取物Horehound extract (Marrubium vulgare L.)N201FEMA :2581

莫哈弗丝兰提取物Yucca mohave extract (Yucca spp.)N202FEMA :3121

海草(藻)提取物Kelp (Laminaria and Kereocystis spp.)N203FEMA :2606

海索草油Hyssop oil (Hyssopus officinalis L.)N204FEMA :2591

莳萝草油(又名莳萝油)Dill herb oil (Anethum graveolens)N205FEMA :2383

秘鲁香脂Balsam peru (Myroxylon pereirae Klotzsch)N206FEMA :2116

格蓬油Galbanum oil (Ferula galbaniflua)N207FEMA :2501

脂檀油Amyris oil (Amyris balsamifera L.)N208FEMA :—

银白金合欢净油(又名含羞草净油)Mimosa absolute (Acacia decurrens Will. Var. dealbata)N209FEMA :2755

接骨木花净油Elder flower absolute (Sambucus canadensis L. and S.nigra L.)N210FEMA :—

甘牛至油Marjoram oil, sweet [Majorana hortensis Moench (Origanum majorana L.)]N211FEMA :2663

黄龙胆根提取物Gentian root extract (Gentiana lutea L.)N212FEMA :2506

黄葵籽油Ambrette seed oil (Hibiscus abelmoschus L.)N213FEMA :2051

野黑樱桃树皮提取物Cherry bark extract (wild) (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)N214FEMA :2276

黑胡椒油Pepper oil, black (Piper nigrum L.)N215FEMA :2845

葛缕籽油Caraway seed oil (Carum carvi L.)N216FEMA :2238

榄香香树脂Elemi resinoid (Canarium ssp.)N217FEMA :2407

蜡菊提取物Immortelle extract (Helichrysum angustifolium DC.)N218FEMA :2592

蜜蜂花油Balm oil (Melissa officinalis L.)N219FEMA :2113

d-樟脑d-CamphorN220FEMA :2230

橙花净油Orange flower absolute (Citrus aurantium L. subsp. amara)N221FEMA :2818

柚苷(柚皮甙)提取物Naringin extract (Citrus paradisi Macf.)N222 FEMA : 2769

穗薰衣草油Spike lavender oil (Lavandula latifolia L.)N223FEMA :3033

鹰爪豆净油Genet absolute (Spartium junceum L.)N224FEMA :2504

玳玳果皮油Daidai peel oil(Citrus aurantium L.‘Daidai’)N225FEMA :3823

甜橙油(橙皮压榨法)Orange oil, sweet, cold pressed [Citrus sinensis (L.) osbeck]N226FEMA :2825

小米辣椒油树脂Bush red pepper oleoresin (Capsicum frutescens L.)N227FEMA :2234

丁香茎油Clove stem oil (Eugenia spp.)N228FEMA :2328

大茴香油(又名茴芹油)Anise oil (Pimpinella anisum L.)N229 FEMA :2094

l-天冬酰胺l-AsparagineN230FEMA :—

巴拉圭茶净油/提取物Mate absolute/extract (Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil.)N231FEMA :—

白山核桃树皮提取物Hickory bark extract (Carya spp.)N232FEMA :2577

瓜拉纳提取物Guarana extract (Paullinia cupana HBK)N233FEMA :2536

白百里香油Thyme oil, white (Thymus zygis L.)N235FEMA :3065

白胡椒油Pepper oil, white (Piper nigrum L.)N236FEMA :2851

白胡椒油树脂Pepper oleoresin, white (Piper nigrum L.)N237FEMA :2852

白康酿克油Cognac oil, whiteN238FEMA :2332

白脱酯Butter estersN239FEMA :2172

白脱酸Butter acidsN240 FEMA :2171

众香果油Pimenta oil (Pimenta officinalis)N241 FEMA :2018

安息香树脂Benzoin resinoid (Styrax tonkinensis Pierre)N242FEMA :2133

当归籽油Angelica seed oil (Angelica archanglica L.)N243FEMA :2090

当归根油Angelica root oil (Angelica archangelica L.)N244FEMA :2088

肉豆蔻衣油树脂/提取物Mace oleoresin/extract (Myristica fragrans Houtt)N245FEMA :2654

西印度月桂叶提取物Bay leaves,west Indian, extract (Pimenta acris kostel)N246FEMA :2121

西印度月桂叶油Bay leaves, West Indian, oil (Pimenta acris kostel)N247FEMA :2122

L-阿拉伯糖（原名称为l-阿戊糖）L-ArabinoseN248FEMA :3255

阿拉伯胶Arabic gumN249FEMA :2001

欧当归提取物Lovage extract (Levisticum officinale Koch)N250FEMA :2650

欧芹油树脂Parsley oleoresin (Petroselinum spp.)N251FEMA :2837

油酸Oleic acidN252FEMA :2815

苦木提取物Quassia extract (Picrasma excelsa (sw.) planch. Quassia amara L.)N253FEMA :2971

苦橙叶净油Orange leaf absolute (Citrus aurantium L.)N254FEMA :2820

金鸡纳树皮Cinchona bark (yellow) (Cinchona spp.)N256FEMA :2283

金钮扣油树脂Jambu oleoresin (Spilanthes acmelia oleracea)N257FEMA :3783

奎宁盐酸盐Quinine hydrochlorideN258FEMA :2976

枯茗油Cumin oil (Cuminum cyminum L.)N259FEMA :2340

洋葱油树脂Onion oleoresin (Allium cepa L.)N260FEMA :—

茶树油(又名互叶白千层油)Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia)N261FEMA :3902

除萜白柠檬油Lime oil, expressed terpeneless (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)N262FEMA :2632

除萜甜橙皮油Orange peel oil, sweet, terpeneless (Citrus sinensis L.Osbeck)N2632826

黄芥末提取物/黄芥末油树脂Mustard extract/oleoresin, yellow (Brassica spp.)N265FEMA :—

棕芥末提取物Mustard extract, brown (Brassica spp.)N266FEMA :—

焦木酸Pyroligneous acidN267FEMA :2967

紫苏油Perilla leaf oil (Shiso oil) (Perilla frutescens)N268FEMA :4013

葡萄柚油萜烯Grapefruit oil terpenes (Citrus paradisi Macf)N269FEMA :—

黑胡椒油树脂/黑胡椒提取物Pepper oleoresin/extract, black (Piper nigrum L.)N270FEMA :2846

榄香油/提取物/香树脂Elemi oil/extract/ resinoid (Canarium cimmune or Iuzonicum Miq)N271FEMA :2408

蜂蜡净油Beeswax absolute (Apis mellifera L.)N272FEMA :2126

赖百当净油(又名岩蔷薇净油)Labdanum absolute (Cistus spp.)N273FEMA :2608

鼠尾草油(又名药鼠尾草油)Sage oil (Salvia officinalis L.)N274FEMA :3001

蜡菊净油Helichrysum absolute (Helichrysum augustifolium)N275FEMA :—

糖蜜提取物Molasses extractN276FEMA :—

檀香醇(α-, β-)Santalol, α- and β-N277FEMA :3006

山达草流浸膏Yerba santa fluid extract [Eriodictyon californicum (Hook and Arn) Torr]N278FEMA :3118

苜蓿提取物Alfalfa extract (Medicago sativa L.)N279FEMA :2013

众香子油树脂/提取物Allspice oleoresin/extract (Pimenta officinalis Lindl.)N281FEMA :2019

黄葵籽净油Ambrette seed absolute (Hibiscus abelmoschus L.)N282FEMA :2050

秘鲁香膏油Balsam oil, Peru (Myroxylon pereirae Klotzsch)N283FEMA :2117

罗勒提取物Basil extract (Ocimum basilicum L.)N284FEMA :2120

芹菜籽提取物(固体)Celery seed extract solid (Apium graveolens L.)N285FEMA :2269

芹菜籽(CO2)提取物Celery seed (CO2) Extract (Apium graveolens L.)N286FEMA :2270

母菊(匈牙利春黄菊)花油Chamomile flower oil (Hungarian) (Matricaria chamomilla L.)N287 FEMA :2273

黄色金鸡纳树皮提取物Cinchona bark extract (yellow) (Cinchona spp.)N288 FEMA :2284

丁香花蕾油树脂Clove bud oleoresin (Eugenia spp.)N289FEMA :2324

红三叶草提取物(固体)Clover tops red extract solid (Trifolium pratense L.)N2902FEMA :326

蒲公英流浸膏Dandelion fluid extract (Taraxacum spp.)N291FEMA :2357

蒲公英根固体提取物Dandelion root solid extract (Taraxacum spp.)N2EMA :2358

加拿大飞蓬草油Fleabane oil(Erigeron canadensis)N293FEMA :2409

穗花槭提取物(固体)Mountain maple extract solid (Acer spicatum Lam.)N294FEMA :2757

芸香油Rue oil (Ruta graveolens L.)N295 FEMA :2995

鼠尾草油树脂/提取物Sage oleoresin/extract (Salvia officinalis L.)N296FEMA :3002

菝葜提取物Sarsaparilla extract (Smilax spp.)N297FEMA :3009

水蒸气蒸馏松节油Turpentine, steam-distilled (Pinus spp.)N298FEMA :3089

缬草根提取物Valerian root extract (Valeriana officinalis L.)N299FEMA :3099

香荚兰油树脂Vanilla oleoresin (Vanilla fragrans)N300FEMA :3106

紫罗兰叶净油Violet leaves absolute (Viola odorata L.)N301FEMA :3110

洋艾油Wormwood oil (Artemisia absinthium L.)N302 FEMA :3116

玫瑰茄Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)N303FEMA :—

橘柚油Tangelo oilN304FEMA :—

晚香玉净油Tuberose absolute (Polianthes tuberosa L.)N305FEMA :—

美国栗树叶提取物Chestnut leaves extract [Castanea dentate (Marsh.) Borkh.]N306FEMA :—

古巴香脂油Copaiba oil (South American spp. of Copaifera)N307FEMA :—

达迷草叶Damiana leaves (Turnera diffusa Willd.)N308FEMA :—

母菊(匈牙利春黄菊)花净油Chamomile flower absolute (Hungarian) (Matricaria chamomilla L.)N309FEMA :—

接骨木花提取物Elder flowers extract (Sambucus canadensis L. and S. nigra L.)N310FEMA :—

防风根油(又名没药油)Opoponax oil (Commiphora ssp.)N311FEMA :—

藏红花提取物Saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.)N312FEMA :2999

香叶提取物Geranium extract (Pelargonlium spp.)N313FEMA :—

葫芦巴油树脂Fenugreek oleoresin (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)N314FEMA :2486

柠檬提取物Lemon extract[Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.]N315FEMA :2623

德国鸢尾树脂Orris resinoid (Iris germanical L.)N316FEMA :—

罗望子提取物(浸膏)Tamarind extract (Tamarindus indica L.)N317 FEMA : —

辣根油Horseradish oil (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib)N318FEMA :—

葫芦巴籽浸膏Fenugreek seed extract (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)N319FEMA :2485

芹菜叶油Celery leaf oil (Apium graveolens L.)N320 FEMA :—

柏木油萜烯Cedarwood oil terpenesN321FEMA :—

肉豆蔻油树脂Nutmeg oleoresin (Myristica fragrans Houtt)N322FEMA :—

芫荽油/油树脂Coriander oil/oleoresin (Coriandrum sativum L.)N324 FEMA :2334

葫芦巴Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)N325FEMA :2484

韭葱油Leek oil (Allium porrum)N326FEMA :—

甜橙皮提取物Orange peel extract, sweet [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]N327FEMA :2824

香橙皮油Citrus junos peel oilN329FEMA :2318

海藻净油Algues absoluteN330FEMA :—

墨西哥鼠尾草油树脂(又名棘枝油树脂)（原名称为墨西哥牛至油树脂）Oregano oleoresin (Lippia spp.)N331FEMA :2827

甘草酸胺Glycyrrhizin, ammoniated (Glycyrrhiza spp.)N332FEMA :2528

冬香草油Savory winter oil (Satureja montana L.)N333FEMA :3016

安息香Styrax (Liquidambar spp.)N334FEMA :3036

阿魏液态提取物(流浸膏)Asafoetida fluid extract (Ferula assafoetida L.)N335FEMA :2106

桃树叶净油Peach tree leaf absolute (Prunus persica L.Batsch)N336FEMA :—

白藓牛至Dittany of crete (Origanum dictamnus L.)N337FEMA :2399

酒花油Hops oil (Humulus lupulus L.)N338FEMA :2580

赖百当油Labdanum oil (Cistus ladaniferus)N339FEMA :2609

薰衣草净油Lavender absolute (Lavandula angustidolia)N340FEMA :2620

没药树脂提取物Opoponax extract resinoid (Commiphora ssp.)N341FEMA :—

花椒提取物Ash bark, prickly, extract (Xanthoxylum spp.)N342FEMA :2110 4754

蓖麻油Castor oil (Ricinus communis)N343FEMA :2263

儿茶粉Catechu powder (Acacia catechu Willd.)N344FEMA :2265

苦艾Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.)N345FEMA :3114

苦橙花油Neroli bigarade oil (Citrus aurantium L.)N346FEMA :2771

达瓦树胶Ghatti gum (Anogeissus latifolia Wall.)N347FEMA :2519

苦艾提取物Wormwood extract (Artemisia absinthium L.)N348FEMA :3115

刺柏提取物Juniper extract (Juniperus communis L.)N349FEMA :2603

甘草提取物(粉)Licorice extract powder (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)N350FEMA :2629

甜菜碱(天然提取)Betaine (Natural Extract)N351FEMA :4223

松Pine tar oil (Pinus spp.)N352FEMA :2907

橡苔净油Oakmoss absolute(Evernia spp.)N353FEMA :2795

苏格兰留兰香油Scotch spearmint oil (Mentha cardiaca L.)N354FEMA :4221

海索草提取物(又名神香草提取物)Hyssop extract (Hyssopus officinalis L.)N355FEMA :2590

安古树皮提取物Angostura extract (Galipea offincinalis Hancock)N356FEMA :2092

德国春黄菊花(母菊花)提取物Chamomile (German) extract (Matricaria chamomilla L.)N357FEMA :—

石榴果汁浓缩物Pomegranate concentrateN358FEMA :—

L-苏氨酸L-ThreonineN359FEMA :4710

L-丝氨酸L-SerineN360FEMA :—

灵猫净油Civet absolute (Viverra civetta Schreber V. zibetha Schreber)Civetabsolute(Viverracivetta SchreberV. zibetha Schreber)N361FEMA :2319

胭脂树提取物Annatto extract (Bixa orellana L.)N362FEMA :2103

卡黎皮提取物Cascarilla bark extract (Croton spp.)N363FEMA :2254

肉桂皮油/油树脂Cinnanon bark oil/oleoresin (Cinnamomaum spp.)N364FEMA :2290

刺梧桐树胶Karaya gum (Sterculia urens)N365FEMA :2605

橘叶油Petitgrain mandarin oil (Citrus reticulate Blanco var. mandarin)N366FEMA :2854

欧洲山松针叶油Pine needle oil, dwarf, oil (Pinus mugo turra var. pumilio (Haenke) Zenari)N367FEMA :2904

玫瑰果籽提取物Rose hips extract (Rosa spp.)N368FEMA :2990

夏香草油Savory summer oil (Satureja hortensis L.)N369FEMA :3013

加拿大细辛油Snakeroot oil, Canadian (Asarum canadense L.)N370FEMA :3023

单宁酸Tannic acidN371FEMA :3042

黄蓍胶Tragacanth gum (Astragalus spp.)N372FEMA :3079 、

甘牛至油树脂/提取物Marjoram oleoresin/extract [Majorana hortensis Moench (Origanum majorana L.)]N373FEMA :2659

摩洛哥豆蔻提取物Grains of paradise extract[Aframomum melegueta (Rosc.) K. Schum]N374FEMA :2529

橙皮素HesperetinN375FEMA :4313

根皮素PhloretinN376FEMA :4390

芝麻(CO2)提取物Sesame CO2extract N377 FEMA :—

芝麻蒸馏物Sesame dist.N378FEMA :—

干制鲣鱼(CO2)提取物Katsuobushi CO2 exractN379FEMA :—

郎姆酒净油Rum absoluteN380FEMA :—

豆豉油树脂Toushi oleoresin (Douchi oleoresin)N381FEMA :—

药蜀葵Althea root (Althea officinalis L.)N382FEMA :2048

香蜂草Balm (Melissa officinalis L.)N383FEMA :2111

白千层油Cajeput oil (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell)N384FEMA :2225

玉米穗丝Corn silk (Zea mays L.)N387FEMA :2335

毕澄茄Cubebs (Piper cubeba L. f.)N388FEMA :2338

芦荟提取物Aloe extract (Aloe spp.)N389FEMA :2047

龙涎香酊Ambergris tinctureN390FEMA :2049

黄葵酊Ambrette tincture (Hibiscus abelmoschus L.)N391FEMA :2052

燕根(萝藦科植物)提取物Swallowroot (Decalepis hamiltonii) extractN3EMA :4283

红枣浸膏Date concrete (Ziziphus jujuba)N393FEMA :—

高倍天然苹果香料Folded Apple EssenceN394FEMA :—

β-愈疮木烯β-Guaiene Guaia-1(5),7(11)-dieneN395FEMA :—

褐藻胶Algin (Laminaria spp. and other kelps)N396FEMA :2014

香厚壳桂皮油Massoia bark oil (Cryptocarya massoio)N397FEMA :3747

(-)-高圣草酚钠盐(-)-Homoeriodyctiol sodium saltN398FEMA :4228

酶处理异槲皮苷Isoquercitrin, enzymatically modifiedN399FEMA :4225

葡萄籽提取物Grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera)N400FEMA :4045

留兰香提取物Spearmint extract (Mentha spicata L.)N401FEMA :3031

杂醇油(精制过)Fusel oil, refinedN402FEMA :2497